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The Xingu River ((ポルトガル語:Rio Xingu), (:ɕĩˈɡu), ) is a 〔 river in north Brazil. It is a southeast tributary of the Amazon River. ==Description and history== The first Indian Park in Brazil was created in the river basin by the Brazilian government in the early 1960s. This park marks the first indigenous territory recognized by the Brazilian government and it was the world's largest indigenous reserve on the date of its creation. Currently, fourteen tribes live on the reserve surviving with natural resources and extracting from the river most of what they need for food and water. The Brazilian government is building the Belo Monte Dam, which will be the world's third-largest hydroelectric dam, on the Lower Xingu. Construction of this dam is under legal challenge by environment and indigenous groups, who assert the dam would have negative environmental and social impacts along with reducing the flow by up to 80% along a stretch known as the "Big Bend" (Volta Grande).〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.rainforestfoundationuk.org/files/Belo%20Monte%20Factsheet.pdf )〕 More than 450 fish species have been documented in the Xingu River Basin and it is estimated that the total is around 600 fish species, including many endemics.〔Camargo, M., T. Giarrizzo and V. Isaac (2004). ''Review of the geographic distribution of fish fauna in the Xingu River Basin, Brazil.'' Ecotropica 10: 123–147〕 In the last 5 years alone, 21 new fish species have been described from the river.〔Hyland, T: ''(Race against time. )'' Retrieved 4 June 2014.〕 Many species are seriously threatened by the dam,〔Ekström, J. (23 December 2007) ''(Hydroelectric dam constructions in Amazonas. )'' Retrieved 10 February 2013.〕〔Survival International (2009). ''(Experts Panel Assesses Belo Monte Dam Viability ).'' Retrieved 10 February 2013.〕 including at least 26 fish species that are entirely restricted to the lower Xingu.〔 In the Upper Xingu region was a highly self-organized pre-Columbian anthropogenic landscape, including deposits of fertile agricultural terra preta, black soil in Portuguese, with a network of roads and polities each of which covered about 250 square kilometers. Near the source of Xingu River is Culuene River, a 600 km tributary. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Xingu River」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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